THOUGHTS OF ALLAMA-IQBAL(R.A)
Sir Muhammad Iqbal, also
famously known as Allama Iqbal, was a famous poet, philosopher, lawyer and
politician from British India. He is
believed to be the inspiration behind the historical” Pakistan Movement,” in
which he was one of the few leaders who first conceived the idea of Pakistan as
a different nation for the Muslims. Iqbal
was a very learned man who did a considerable part of his studies in India and
some in England and Germany, where he was introduced to the philosophies of
Goethe, Heine and Nietzsche. While studying abroad, he became a member of the
London branch of the All India Muslim League. Iqbal practiced law in india for
sometime after returning and later entered politics and was known for his legal
expertise, political ideologies and groundwork and philosophical theories-he is
foundly remembered as a great poet and Scholar. With his books
like,’RUMUZI-i-BEKHUDI’, ZABUR-i-AJAM,’ etc. he became one of the most
important contributors to the urdu literature. For his talents and
extraordinary personality, he was knighted by king George V in 1922.
CHILDHOOD
AND EARLY LIFE
“people who have no
hold over their process of thinking are likely
to be ruined
by liberty of thought. If thought
is immature ,liberty of thought
becomes a method
of converting MEN
INTO ANIMALS.” (Muhammad Iqbal)
“Be not
entangled in this
world of days
and nights ;Thou hast
another time and
space as well.”
(Muhammad
Iqbal)
Muhammad iqbal was born in Sialkot, in the Punjab
Province of British India to Sheikh Noor Muhammad and Imam Bibi. His father was not an educated man and worked as
a tailor while his mother was a homemaker. At the age of 4 Iqbal was introduced
to religious studies and was sent to mosque to learn Quaran. He learnt Arabic
language at Scotch Mission College in Sialkot and pursued his intermediate from
the Faculty of ARTS, Murray College.IN 1895, Iqbal enrolled in Government
college Lahore for his bacheiors, to study philosophy,English literature and
Arabic. He also received his Masters of Arts degree from the same college and
secured number one position in Punjab university,Lahore. Some of the books written by Iqbal are:
Payam-i-Mashriq(1923),’‘The Reconstruction of
Religious Thoughts in Islam(1930),’
‘Javid Nama(1932),’ ‘Pas Cheh
Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq(1936),’
‘Bal-i-Jibril(1935),’
‘Zarb-i-Kalim(1936),’ etc.
PERSONAL
LIFE AND LEGACY
“I have seen the movement of the sinews of the sky , And the blood
coursing in the veins of the moon “.
(Muhammad
Iqbal )
Iqbal married three times in his life:
his first marriage (1895) was with KARIM
BIBI and had two children with her –Miraj Begum and Aftab Iqbal.His second
marriage was with SARDAR BEGUM and third with MUKHTAR BEGUM(1914). He died in
1938 in Lahore after suffering for many years from various illness, which started with a mysterious
throat illness that he developed on his trip to Spain and Afghanistan. HIS TOMB
WAS ERECTED IN HAZURI
BAGH , PAKISTAN.
“When truth has no burning ,then it is PHILOSOPHY , when it
gets burning from the heart , it becomes
POETRY “.
(Allama
Iqbal )
“Destiny is the prison and chain of the ignorant. Understand that
destiny like the water of the Nile : water before the faithful, blood before
unbeliever.”
(Muhammad Iqbal
Iqbal’s Impact on Contemporary Understandings of the
Islamic Polity
The revival and reform
of Islam in the 20th century, and its emergence as a social movement
across the Muslim world in the present world is closely tied to life histories and intellectual contributions of
particular individuals. It is they who advanced the formative ideas, spoke to
the concerns of various social groups, shaped
public debates by selecting the ideas that would be included in them and those
that would not ,and related individual and social experiences to lasting
questions and concerns about freedom, justice , good ,evil and salvation . In short
, they interpreted Islam ,emphasized dimensions of it ,and articulated and
ideology on the basis of their faith ,on which uses social impulses to make a
new discourse possible .It is usually the biographies and ideas of men like
MAWLANA MAWDUDI (1979) ,AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI (1989) ,or SAYYID QUTB (1966) that are viewed as essential to historical
investigation into contemporary Islamic thought and action ,and critical to
understanding it .However , it is not possible to fully understand the scope and
philosophical underpinnings of the doctrines that undergird Islamic revival and
reform without looking at the works of SIR MUHAMMAD IQBAL (1877-1938) .
Although not as politically active IQBAL’S ideas have been of great influence
on the gamut of Islamic thinkers in the 20th century ,and especially
in Asia , where his perspectives on colonialism , Islamic revival , and
relations between Muslims and Non musli’s have been most germane. Iqbal’s
corpus allow us to locate the roots of Islamic revivalism .In specific
processes and events , sharpening the focus of the more general explanations
that have revolved around the larger forces of Industrialization , urbanization
,imperialism ,or uneven development . To understand the roots ,trajectory of
development of such foundational concepts of the current Islamic discourse on
power ,the state ,and perfect polity , it is necessary to contend with Iqbal ,
and his contribution to the articulation of these ideas.
“Inductive reason , which alone makes man master of his Environment
, is an Achievement ; and when once born it must be reinforced by inhibiting
the growth of other modes of Knowledge.” (ALLAMA
IQBAL)
“For centuries eastern Heart and intellect have been absorbed in the
question ? Does GOD exist ? I propose to raise a new question? New , that is to
say , For the East ? Does man exist ?. (Allama
Iqbal)
Conclusion
Iqbal
was without doubt a most creative and original thinker ,one who sought to bring
together many strains of Islamic life and thought together ,to reform the
Muslim faith, imbue it with modern percept’s ,and to reconstruct it anew .He
related Islamic thought to western philosophy ,and linked spiritual salvation
to intellectual change and social development .As a poet of exceptional
abilities he conveyed these ideas to his audience most forcefully . Although
there is no doubt that many across the spectrum of Islamic thought have been
swayed by the wisdom of his agenda and the logic of his method, and have sought
to emulate him in reviving their faith and reforming of their societies.
“But only a brief moment is granted to the brave one breath or two
,wage is THE long nights of the GRAVE”. (ALLAMA
IQBAL)
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